Water, like soil, apart of its importance as the essence of life, is also becoming more crucial as the mankind population is rapidly increasing. Also, it occupies about two-third of earth surface and this belief that life has been originating from waters also experesses this importance. Therefore, human has much long ago started to study it before the soil did and for these reasons the science of hydrology was emerged as a part of environmental studies during the last century and has been expanded so rapidly since then.
The special physical structure of water enables it to turn into three phases of gas, liquid and solid in an ordinary condition or with a little changes of temperature, and, unlike the other substances in the nature, it would face an increase in volume and decrease in specific gravity beyond a certain temperature, which has turned it into an exceptionally substance which governs the base of soil-forming processes. Water would reveal its structural peculiarities including physical and chemical characteristics differently under different geographical conditions and hence makes it worthy and very important to be studied. Therefore, in this paper it has been tried to describe and analyze some of the above mentioned peculiarities within either an atmospheric or climatic feature frameworks relevant to the geographical approaches, and hopes it does.
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