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Neoplasm of the esophagrs, is a fatal disease the xores of what are very numouous in Iran. That is why lerning about ot has various aspevts avd also informing people about it are very important preventive measures. This article examines the characteristics of the patievts suffering from this disease. The factors studied on the buris of geographical distribution of the patievts include environmental factors, climate and life style and the research method adopted is descriptive. 322 medical records were studied. To make the data base which were completed by interviews.Then final graphs were prepared and the data were analyzed by spss software. The findings of the research suggest that the rate of the disease increases significantly in the northern parts of the country specially near the Caspian sea This demonstrates the effect of environmental context and geographical conditions.